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Easy to follow. No jargon. Pictures helped. Didn't match my screen. Incorrect instructions. Windows uses four types of identifiers to control device installation and configuration. You can use the Group Policy settings in Windows to specify which of these identifiers to allow or block. A device instance ID is a system-supplied device identification string that uniquely identifies a device in the system.
Windows can use each string to match a device to a driver package. The strings range from the specific, matching a single make and model of a device, to the general, possibly applying to an entire class of devices. There are two types of device identification strings: hardware IDs and compatible IDs. Hardware IDs are the identifiers that provide the exact match between a device and a driver package.
The first string in the list of hardware IDs is referred to as the device ID, because it matches the exact make, model, and revision of the device. The other hardware IDs in the list match the details of the device less exactly. For example, a hardware ID might identify the make and model of the device but not the specific revision. This scheme allows Windows to use a driver for a different revision of the device if the driver for the correct revision is not available.
Windows uses these identifiers to select a driver if the operating system cannot find a match with the device ID or any of the other hardware IDs. Compatible IDs are listed in the order of decreasing suitability. These strings are optional, and, when provided, they are very generic, such as Disk. When a match is made using a compatible ID, you can typically use only the most basic functions of the device.
When you install a device, such as a printer, a USB storage device, or a keyboard, Windows searches for driver packages that match the device you are attempting to install. During this search, Windows assigns a "rank" to each driver package it discovers with at least one match to a hardware or compatible ID. The rank indicates how well the driver matches the device.
Lower rank numbers indicate better matches between the driver and the device. A rank of zero represents the best possible match. A match with the device ID to one in the driver package results in a lower better rank than a match to one of the other hardware IDs.
Similarly, a match to a hardware ID results in a better rank than a match to any of the compatible IDs. After Windows ranks all of the driver packages, it installs the one with the lowest overall rank. For more information about the process of ranking and selecting driver packages, see How Setup Selects Drivers in the Microsoft Docs library.
For more information about the driver installation process, see the "Technology review" section of the Step-by-Step Guide to Driver Signing and Staging. Some physical devices create one or more logical devices when they are installed. Each logical device might handle part of the functionality of the physical device. When you use Device Installation policies to allow or prevent the installation of a device that uses logical devices, you must allow or prevent all of the device identification strings for that device.
For example, if a user attempts to install a multifunction device and you did not allow or prevent all of the identification strings for both physical and logical devices, you could get unexpected results from the installation attempt. Device setup classes also known as Class are another type of identification string. The manufacturer assigns the Class to a device in the driver package.
The Class groups devices that are installed and configured in the same way. A long number called a globally unique identifier GUID represents each device setup class. When Windows starts, it builds an in-memory tree structure with the GUIDs for all of the detected devices. When you use device Classes to allow or prevent users from installing drivers, you must specify the GUIDs for all of the device's device setup classes, or you might not achieve the results you want.
The installation might fail if you want it to succeed or it might succeed if you want it to fail. To install a child node, Windows must also be able to install the parent node. You must allow installation of the device setup class of the parent GUID for the multi-function device in addition to any child GUIDs for the printer and scanner functions.
This guide does not depict any scenarios that use device setup classes. However, the basic principles demonstrated with device identification strings in this guide also apply to device setup classes.
After you discover the device setup class for a specific device, you can then use it in a policy to either allow or prevent installation of drivers for that class of devices.
The following two links provide the complete list of Device Setup Classes. Some devices could be classified as Removable Device. A device is considered removable when the driver for the device to which it is connected indicates that the device is removable. For example, a USB device is reported to be removable by the drivers for the USB hub to which the device is connected.
Group Policy is an infrastructure that allows you to specify managed configurations for users and computers through Group Policy settings and Group Policy Preferences. Device Installation section in Group Policy is a set of policies that control which device could or could not be installed on a machine. Whether you want to apply the settings to a stand-alone computer or to many computers in an Active Directory domain, you use the Group Policy Object Editor to configure and apply the policy settings.
The following passages are brief descriptions of the Device Installation policies that are used in this guide. These policy settings affect all users who log on to the computer where the policy settings are applied. You cannot apply these policies to specific users or groups except for the policy Allow administrators to override device installation policy. This policy exempts members of the local Administrators group from any of the device installation restrictions that you apply to the computer by configuring other policy settings as described in this section.
This policy setting allows members of the local Administrators group to install and update the drivers for any device, regardless of other policy settings.
If you enable this policy setting, administrators can use the Add Hardware Wizard or the Update Driver Wizard to install and update the drivers for any device. If you disable or do not configure this policy setting, administrators are subject to all policy settings that restrict device installation. This policy setting specifies a list of Plug and Play hardware IDs and compatible IDs that describe devices that users can install. This setting is intended to be used only when the Prevent installation of devices not described by other policy settings policy setting is enabled and does not take precedence over any policy setting that would prevent users from installing a device.
If you enable this policy setting, users can install and update any device with a hardware ID or compatible ID that matches an ID in this list if that installation has not been specifically prevented by the Prevent installation of devices that match these device IDs policy setting, the Prevent installation of devices for these device classes policy setting, or the Prevent installation of removable devices policy setting.
If another policy setting prevents users from installing a device, users cannot install it even if the device is also described by a value in this policy setting. If you disable or do not configure this policy setting and no other policy describes the device, the Prevent installation of devices not described by other policy settings policy setting determines whether users can install the device.
This policy setting allows you to specify a list of Plug and Play device instance IDs for devices that Windows is allowed to install.
Use this policy setting only when the "Prevent installation of devices not described by other policy settings" policy setting is enabled. Other policy settings that prevent device installation take precedence over this one. If you enable this policy setting, Windows is allowed to install or update any device whose Plug and Play device instance ID appears in the list you create, unless another policy setting specifically prevents that installation for example, the "Prevent installation of devices that match any of these device IDs" policy setting, the "Prevent installation of devices for these device classes" policy setting, the "Prevent installation of devices that match any of these device instance IDs" policy setting, or the "Prevent installation of removable devices" policy setting.
If you enable this policy setting on a remote desktop server, the policy setting affects redirection of the specified devices from a remote desktop client to the remote desktop server. This policy setting specifies a list of device setup class GUIDs that describe devices that users can install.
If you enable this setting, users can install and update any device with a hardware ID or compatible ID that matches one of the IDs in this list if that installation has not been specifically prevented by the Prevent installation of devices that match these device IDs policy setting, the Prevent installation of devices for these device classes policy setting, or the Prevent installation of removable devices policy setting.
If you disable or do not configure this policy setting and no other policy setting describes the device, the Prevent installation of devices not described by other policy settings policy setting determines whether users can install the device. This policy setting specifies a list of Plug and Play hardware IDs and compatible IDs for devices that users cannot install.
If you enable this policy setting, users cannot install or update the driver for a device if its hardware ID or compatible ID matches one in this list. If you disable or do not configure this policy setting, users can install devices and update their drivers, as permitted by other policy settings for device installation. Note: This policy setting takes precedence over any other policy settings that allow users to install a device.
This policy setting prevents users from installing a device even if it matches another policy setting that would allow installation of that device. This policy setting allows you to specify a list of Plug and Play device instance IDs for devices that Windows is prevented from installing. This policy setting takes precedence over any other policy setting that allows Windows to install a device.
You will have the option to: a. Perform a Full Upgrade , which keeps personal files including drivers , apps, and Windows Settings. This is the default experience and is the one that Installation Assistant uses. Keep Data Only will keep personal files including drivers only, not apps and not Windows Settings. Clean Install will install Windows 11 and keep nothing from the Windows 10 installation.
Boot from media to launch Setup. This path is a clean install and will not retain previous files or settings. Important: You should verify that your device meets minimum system requirements before you choose to boot from media, because it will allow you to install Windows 11 if you have at least TPM 1. Installing Windows 11 on devices that don't meet minimum system requirements. Windows 11 More Warning: Microsoft recommends against installing Windows 11 on a device that does not meet the Windows 11 minimum system requirements.
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