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Geobiology 11 , — Treatment is mainly supportive and symptom-directed. There are no specific antidotes for cyanobacterial toxins. The most commonly reported signs and symptoms in patients with suspected cHAB-associated illness are blisters, rash, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and fatigue. Other illnesses, medical conditions, and exposures to chemicals can cause those signs and symptoms and should be ruled out.
Those include organophosphate poisoning, mushroom poisoning, drug overdose, plant intoxication, chemical burn, exposure to irritants, and acetaminophen toxicity. Animals can be exposed to cHABs in the same ways that humans are exposed.
These routes include ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, and eye contact. Exposure can occur while swimming or by licking cyanobacteria or toxins off their fur or hair. Animals are often the first to be affected because they are more likely than humans to swim in or drink water contaminated by cHABs, even if it looks or smells bad.
Domestic animals, especially dogs, may be early victims of a toxin-producing bloom. Dogs become engaged in outdoor activities and do not differentiate between clean or contaminated water. Effects seem to be more serious in animals than in humans. This might be the result of higher ingested doses or a difference in the reaction to toxins. The most frequently reported symptoms in dogs exposed to cHABs are gastrointestinal, such as vomiting and foaming at the mouth.
Exposure can also cause lethargy and neurologic symptoms, including stumbling, behavior changes, spastic twitching, loss of coordination, ataxia, violent tremors, partial paralysis, and respiratory paralysis. Hepatoenteritis, toxic liver injury, hepatic lesions with necrosis, and petechial hemorrhages of the heart have been reported in animals.
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